Hulsewé, A. F. P. and Loewe, M. A. N., (1979). China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Watson (1993): Records of the Grand Historian' by Sima Qian, Han Dynasty II, (Revised Edition). Translated by Burton Watson, Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-08167-7.
Yap, Joseph P. "Wars With the Xiongnu, A Translation from Zizhi tongjian". Chapters 4-5. AuthorHouse, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4490-0604-4
